Spinal stenosis refers to the condition characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, resulting in the compression and increased pressure on the spinal cord and nerves within the vertebral column. This narrowing can occur in various parts of the spine, such as the cervical (neck) or lumbar (lower back) regions, and it often leads to symptoms due to the reduced space available for the spinal cord and nerves.

As the spinal canal narrows, it can cause discomfort, pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness in the affected area. These symptoms may radiate from the spine to other parts of the body, depending on the location and severity of the stenosis. In some cases, individuals might experience difficulties with mobility, coordination, and bowel or bladder function due to the compression of nerves in the spinal column.